中英對照:工程建設(shè)標準英文版典型用語的翻譯

封面用語 
1）中華人民共和國國家標準 National Standard of the People’s Republic of China
2）中華人民共和國行業(yè)標準 Professional standard of the People’s Republic of China
3）×××工程建設(shè)地方標準 ××× Provincial Standard for Engineering Construction
4）×××發(fā)布 Issued by ×××
例如：Issued by Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China
5）中華人民共和國建設(shè)部、國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗檢疫總局聯(lián)合發(fā)布 Jointly issued by Ministry of Construction and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China
6）中華人民共和國住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部、國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗檢疫總局聯(lián)合發(fā)布 Jointly issued by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China
7）××××年××月××日發(fā)布(例如,2006 年5月23日發(fā)布) Issued on M D,Y (Issued on May 23,2006)
8）××××年××月××日實施(例如,2006 年5月23日實施) Implemented on M D,Y (Implemented on May 23,2006)
9）××××版 ×××× edition
2.2 扉頁用語
1）主編部門 Chief Development Department
2）主編單位 Chief Development Organization
3）批準部門 Approval Department
4）施行日期 Implementation date
2.3 發(fā)布通知或公告用語
1）中華人民共和國建設(shè)部公告 Announcement of Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China
2）中華人民共和國住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部公告 Announcement of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China
3）關(guān)于發(fā)布國家標準×××的通知 Notice on publishing the national standard of ×××
4）關(guān)于發(fā)布國家標準×××局部修訂的公告 Announcement of publishing the partial revision of national standard ×××
5）現(xiàn)批準×××為國家標準,標準編號為××× ×××has been approved as a national standard with a serial number of ×××
6）×××為強制性條文,必須嚴格執(zhí)行 ××× are compulsory provisions and must be enforced strictly
7）原×××同時廢止 ××× shall be abolished simultaneously
8）本標準（規(guī)范）共分××章，其主要內(nèi)容為 The standard(code) comprises ×× chapters with the main contents as follows
9）本標準（規(guī)范）由建設(shè)部負責管理和對強制性條文的解釋 Ministry of Construction is in charge of the administration of this standard (code) and the explanation of the compulsory provisions
10）由×××負責具體技術(shù)內(nèi)容的解釋 ××× is responsible for the explanation of specific technical contents
11) 本規(guī)范由×××組織×××出版發(fā)行 Authorized by ×××, this code is published and distributed by ×××
12）繼續(xù)有效 be valid as usual
13）復(fù)審 Review
14）備案 Put on records
15）備案號 Record Number
16）附加說明 Additional explanation
2.4 前言用語
1）前言 Foreword
2）根據(jù)建設(shè)部建標[×××] ×××號《關(guān)于印發(fā)“×××年工程建設(shè)標準制訂、修訂計劃”的通知》的要求 According to the requirements of Document Jian Biao [×××]NO. ××× issued by Ministry of Construction (MOC) - “Notice on Printing the Development and Revision Plan of National Engineering Construction Standards in ×××”
3）本規(guī)范以黑體字標志的條文為強制性條文，必須嚴格執(zhí)行 The provision(s) printed in bold type is (are) compulsory one (ones) and must be enforced strictly
4）請各單位在執(zhí)行本標準過程中，注意總結(jié)經(jīng)驗，積累資料，隨時將有關(guān)意見和建議寄交××× All relevant organizations are kindly requested to sum up and accumulate your experiences in actual practices during the process of implementing this code. The relevant opinions and advice, whenever necessary, can be posted or passed on to ×××
5）參編單位 Participating Development Organizations
6）參加單位 Participating Organizations
7）主要起草人 Chief Drafting Staff
8）日常管理 Routine management
9）具體解釋 Specific explanation
2.5 目次用語
1）目次（目錄） Contents
2）總則 General provisions
3）術(shù)語和符號 Terms and symbols
4）附錄 Appendix
5）本規(guī)范用詞說明 Explanation of Wording in this code
2.6 總則用語
1）為了×××，制定本規(guī)范 This code is formulated with a view to ×××
2）安全適用 Safety and usability
3）經(jīng)濟合理 Economy and rationality
4）本標準(規(guī)范)適用于…… This standard (code) is applicable to ……
5）本標準（規(guī)范）不適用于…… This standard (code) is not applicable to ……
6）新建、擴建、改建 Construction, extension and renovation
7）除應(yīng)符合本標準(規(guī)范)要求外,尚應(yīng)符合國家現(xiàn)行有關(guān)標準（規(guī)范）的規(guī)定 Not only the requirements stipulated in this standard (code), but also those in the current relevant ones of the nation shall be complied with
2.7 正文用語
1）必須 Must
2）嚴禁 Must not
3）應(yīng) Shall
4）不應(yīng) Shall not
5）宜 Should
6）不宜 Should not
7）可 May
8）不可 May not
9）符合下列規(guī)定（要求） Be in accordance with the following requirements
10）應(yīng)符合×××的規(guī)定（要求） Shall meet the requirements of ×××
11）應(yīng)按×××執(zhí)行 Shall comply with ×××
12）遵守下列規(guī)定（要求） Be in compliance with the following requirements
13）符合表×××的規(guī)定（要求） Be in accordance with those specified in Table ×××
14）按照表×××的規(guī)定（要求）確定 Be determined according to those set out in Table ×××
15）按下式計算 Be calculated according to the following equation
16）按下列公式計算 Be calculated according to the following formulae
17）符合下列情況之一的，應(yīng)…… If one of the following requirements is met, …… shall ……
18）式中 Where
19）注 Note
20）圖 Figure or Fig.
21）大于 Be larger than
22）小于 Be less than
23) 等于 Be equal
24）超過 Exceed
25）國家現(xiàn)行有關(guān)標準 Current relevant standard of the nation
26）現(xiàn)行國家標準 Current national standard
27）一般規(guī)定（要求） General requirement
28）基本規(guī)定（要求） Basic requirement
29）特殊規(guī)定（要求） Particular requirement
2.8 本規(guī)范用詞用語說明(譯者按下列翻譯)
原文內(nèi)容：
1 為了便于在執(zhí)行本規(guī)范條文時區(qū)別對待，對要求嚴格程度不同的用詞說明如下：
1) 表示很嚴格，非這樣做不可的用詞：
正面詞采用“必須”，反面詞采用“嚴禁”。
2) 表示嚴格，在正常情況均應(yīng)這樣做的用詞：
正面詞采用“應(yīng)”，反面詞采用“不應(yīng)”或“不得”。
3) 表示允許稍有選擇，在條件許可時首先這樣做的用詞：
正面詞采用“宜”，反面詞采用“不宜”；
4) 表示有選擇，在一定條件下可以這樣做的，采用“可”。
2 規(guī)范中指定應(yīng)按其他有關(guān)標準、規(guī)范執(zhí)行時，寫法為：“應(yīng)符合……的規(guī)定”或“應(yīng)按……執(zhí)行”。
英文翻譯：
1. Words used for different degrees of strictness are explained as follows in order to mark the differences in executing the requirements in this code.
1) Words denoting a very strict or mandatory requirement:
“Must” is used for affirmation; “must not” for negation.
2) Words denoting a strict requirement under normal conditions:
“Shall” is used for affirmation; “shall not” for negation.
3) Words denoting a permission of a slight choice or an indication of the most suitable choice when conditions permit:
“Should” is used for affirmation; “should not” for negation.
4) “May” is used to express the option available, sometimes with the conditional permit.
2．“Shall comply with…”or “Shall meet the requirements of…”is used in this code to indicate that it is necessary to comply with the requirements stipulated in other relative standards and codes.
3. 標準化常用詞的翻譯
3.1 標準化及標準文件
1）標準化　standardization
2）國際標準　international standard
3）國家標準　national standard
4）行業(yè)標準　professional standard
5）地方標準　provincial standard
6）企業(yè)標準　company standard
7）規(guī)范　code
8）技術(shù)規(guī)范　technical code
9）通則general rule
10）規(guī)程　specification
11）規(guī)則　rule
12）強制性標準　mandatory standard
13）推薦性標準　voluntary standard
14）法規(guī)　regulation
15）技術(shù)法規(guī)　technical regulation
16）強制性條文 compulsory provisions
3.2 標準文件的結(jié)構(gòu)
1）目次　content
2）前言　foreword
3）范圍　scope
4）引用標準　normative standard
5）術(shù)語　terms
6）符號　symbol
7）測試　testing
8）試驗　test
9）試驗方法　test method
10）試驗報告　test report
11）分類　classification
12）附錄　appendix
3.3 標準文件的層次劃分
1）章　chapter
2）節(jié)　section
3）條　article
4）款　item

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