英語語言表達(dá)能力易犯幾點(diǎn)錯誤

語言表達(dá)能力的提高絕非一朝一夕的事，只有平時多練習(xí)，留心英語的表達(dá)方式,才能寫出地道的英語。

要使語言流暢,表達(dá)淸楚,首先應(yīng)該做到表達(dá)正確、不犯語法錯誤。另外,記住一些常用的詞組和句型可以作應(yīng)考之用。譯雅馨翻譯公司從以下三個問題談?wù)摚阂追傅逆N誤、過渡性詞語和常用的句型。

一、易犯的錯誤

在各種各樣的錯誤中，除了粗心大意外.很多是由于缺乏牢固的語法知識。下面歸納出幾種典型的錯誤，目的是引起注意，確保自己不犯這些錯誤。

1.句子不完整

從句獨(dú)立使用時就是不完整的句子,因?yàn)閺木浔仨毢椭骶渫瑫r使用。由連詞引導(dǎo)的句子只能作從句。例如：

Because she is an easy-going girl. Unless he works hard.

兩個句子都缺少主句，因此是不完整的,可以改為： Because she is an easy-going girUeveryone likes hcr. Unless he works hardthe won't pass the exam. ' 缺少謂語動詞的句子同樣也不完整。例如： For example»to listen to music or to see films.可改為： For example ,we like to listen to music or to see films.

2.隨意更換

同一個句子中應(yīng)該保持同一種語氣和語態(tài)，正確使用時態(tài)和指代。違背了這一點(diǎn)，就叫作隨意更換。例如：

Heat the soup for ten minutes,then you remove it from the oven.(祈使語氣—陳述語氣）

She changed the bulb;then the light was turned on.(主動語態(tài)"-被動語態(tài)）

We are living in buildings which migrant workers had built.(現(xiàn)在時——過去完成時〉

Work hard and study hard when we are young.(第二人稱——第一人稱）

After an athlete finishes long-distance running,they should cool down.(單數(shù)——復(fù)數(shù)）

3.主謂不一致

謂語動詞的形式要與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。有時，由于主i吾與謂語相隔較遠(yuǎn),或由于主 語的待殊形式，或由于主語后面的附加成分，會造成判斷錯誤•關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，請參閱本書第五部 分廣辨錯與改錯”的第三節(jié).

需要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個原則.先看三個例句：

The parents or Ginny have go ne to the muséum.

Neither the teacher nor the students was prepared.

The mother together with her children were waiting.

這三個都是病句。前兩句違反了“就近原則”，第三句違反了“不變原則”。

(1) 就近原則

用 or’nor,either...or,neither... nor,not... but.not only... but(also)連接主語時，謂語 動詞與最近的主語保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。病句應(yīng)改為：

The parents or Ginny has gone to the muséum. Neither the teacher nor the students were prepared.

(2) 不變原則

由短語 together with,in addition to，as well as.along with,accompanied by 等連接的主 語，不影響原來主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如：

The mother together with her children is waiting. Students»accompanied by their teacher,were having a game.

4.垂懸修飾語

修飾語是修飾句子中的某一戌分的，可以由分詞、不定式、短語或從句等充當(dāng).但是,當(dāng)被 修飾的成分拫本不存在時,這個修飾語躭變成了垂懸修飾語。例如： Looking out from the window»the scene was fantastic.

這個分詞短語應(yīng)該修飾某個人的,但句中并沒有這一成分,因此分詞短語就成了垂懸修飾 語.可改為：

Looking out from the window,he found the scene was fantastic.或 When he looked out from the window.the scene was fantastic. 類似的病句還有：

To pass the exam,these exercises must be done. At the âge of three,his mother left the city. 應(yīng)改為：

To pass thç exam,he/you must do these exercises. When he was three years old,his mother left the city.