口譯更注重語感

日期：2010-10-26 | 閱讀：

It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job. 聽說有個(gè)很好的工作要你去干。 A wonderful job. 挺好的工作。 Are you going to take it? 打算干嗎？ I don't think so.？不。 Why not?'為什么不干？ I don'

"It appears that you've got the offer of a very good job." "聽說有個(gè)很好的工作要你去干。"
"A wonderful job." "挺好的工作"。
"Are you going to take it?" "打算干嗎？
"I don't think so."？ "不。"
"Why not?'"為什么不干？"
"I don't want to.""不想干"。
    這是日常生活中的一段對(duì)話，其特點(diǎn)是：用詞自由，句法結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，短句與省略句多，自然樸素，生活氣息濃厚。在譯文中進(jìn)一步體現(xiàn)漢語口語的特點(diǎn)，省去主語"你"、"我"；將英語的一個(gè)句子I don't think so.干脆譯成一個(gè)字"不"，顯得簡潔有力。
      She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who hxdye looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.

     那婦人生著一副綿軟多肉的體格，一張?zhí)孤书_誠的面容，一種天真羞怯的神氣。一雙大落落的柔順眼睛，里邊隱藏著無窮的心事，只有那些對(duì)于凄惶無告的窮苦人面目作過同情觀察的人才看得出來。

     上面五十一個(gè)詞的片斷,就運(yùn)用了十個(gè)形容詞,占五分之一。"and in then dwelt such a shadow of distress"是非常優(yōu)美生動(dòng)的文學(xué)語言，譯文保持了一風(fēng)格。

      MONTREAL-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four -point first period out burst, to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.

       [蒙特利爾電]在全國手球聯(lián)賽中克拉克約翰斯今晚初試鋒芒，引起轟動(dòng)。上半場(chǎng)領(lǐng)先四分，首開記錄?？死税l(fā)揮中堅(jiān)作用，約翰遜市高帽隊(duì)終以6:4擊敗蒙特利爾市小鴨隊(duì)，創(chuàng)造了連勝八場(chǎng)未負(fù)一場(chǎng)的戰(zhàn)績。

       這是屬于應(yīng)用文的新聞文體，其特點(diǎn)是簡明扼要，短小精悍，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，筆鋒犀利。上述這則電訊只有一個(gè)句子，卻把一場(chǎng)球賽描繪得淋漓盡致，富于吸引力。

        The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2.The full-scale reading of the

       meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the meter.
      從上述的一段科技文章，不難看出其文體與修辭手段與前面列舉的文藝小說，新聞報(bào)道等迥然不同。科技文體崇尚嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)周密，概念準(zhǔn)確，邏輯性強(qiáng)，行文簡練，重點(diǎn)突出，句式嚴(yán)整，少有變化，常用前置性陳述，即在句中將主要信息盡量前置，通過主語傳遞主要信息?？萍嘉恼挛捏w的特點(diǎn)是：清晰、準(zhǔn)確、精練、嚴(yán)密。那末，科技文章的語言結(jié)構(gòu)特色在翻譯過程中如何處理，這是進(jìn)行英漢科技翻譯時(shí)需要探討的問題?，F(xiàn)分述如下：

大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)

大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)（Nominalization）是科技英語的特點(diǎn)之一。因?yàn)榭萍嘉捏w要求行文簡潔、表達(dá)客觀、內(nèi)容確切、信息量大、強(qiáng)調(diào)存在的事實(shí)。而非某一行為。
Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.
阿基米德最先發(fā)展固體排水的原理。
句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)，一方面簡化了同位語從句，另一方強(qiáng)調(diào)displacement 這一事實(shí)。
The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.
地球繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)，引起晝夜的變化。
名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使復(fù)合句簡化成簡單句，而且使表達(dá)的概念更加確切嚴(yán)密。
If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced.
爐壁采用耐火磚可大大降低熱耗。
科技英語所表述的是客觀規(guī)律，因之要盡量避免使用第一、二人稱；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。
Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio wxdyes.
電視通過無線電波發(fā)射和接受活動(dòng)物體的圖象。
名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio wxdyes 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí)，而"謂語動(dòng)詞則著重其發(fā)射和接受的能力。